Firstly, I am not a doctor (but I play one on TV). Therefore, I am not qualified to give . . . → Read More: General Medical Information]]>

Firstly, I am not a doctor (but I play one on TV). Therefore, I am not qualified to give any advice on health or medicine.

This section is just a list of things I found out about travel and health whilst reading about various countries around the world. It also serves as a checklist of things to do before I go travelling and the order in which I need to do them.

For all travel-related health advice consult an expert (your doctor or travel clinic, for example). You can also read books and browse websites, but remember that health advice changes all the time, epidemics come and go, new diseases appear, drugs become resistant, more effective vaccines are developed, and so on. And some of those websites may just be plain wrong.

It is a good idea to become familiar, in general terms, with what are the possible health risks in each country you intend to visit. Some of these risks should not be taken lightly but, on the other hand, you shouldn’t allow the fear of health problems to put you off travelling.

It is all a question of perspective. Whilst you hear about all kinds of horrible diseases in the news, like Ebola and Plague, travellers don’t get them. In fact, one of the deadliest viruses of all is found in the developed world and is far more widespread.

That said, in most countries in the developed world you will probably not have any health problems at all, just those you get at home, such as coughs and colds, diarrhea and constipation, and hangovers. Everywhere else in the world the worst you will probably get is a stomach upset from unfamiliar microbes.

As stated above, consult an expert, follow their advice, and take sensible precautions. Knowledge and prevention will greatly reduce the risks of falling ill anywhere in the world.

The Main Health Risks for Travellers

The main cause by far of preventable deaths and injuries among travellers is accidents. These include being run over by, or crashing in, a moving vehicle.

Thus the best advice is to do what you do back home; always wear a seat belt (or helmet on a bike), always look both ways before crossing a street, at the same time standing well back from the curb.



Studies have shown that around 50% of deaths while travelling are from heart attacks (which you probably would have had at home anyway), another 20% or so due to injuries, with the rest made up of such things as cancer, suicides and homicides.

Only around 1% of deaths are due to the infectious diseases and illnesses listed elsewhere on this website. Also, most deaths while travelling occur in Europe (where most people travel), and not in developing countries.

On Being Your Own Doctor

When you are at home and get a sniffle or cough you can either ignore it or hope it will go away. Others may try to treat it or at least ameliorate the symptoms. Doing this while travelling in the developing world, however, can have serious consequences.

You should never ignore symptoms or try to diagnose yourself (or anyone else) while travelling. Seek professional advice as soon as you can. Doctors in developing countries may not seem as well-qualified as those back home but they are usually familiar with local health problems, and the knowledge base they use to diagnose will be far more extensive than yours which will probably have been gleaned from books or the Internet.

After getting advice from a health professional, try to get to the best care available whenever you can, even if it means travelling long distances.

Upon Returning Home

If you feel ill after returning from the developing world, go and see your doctor and let them know you have just come back from there. You may be referred to a tropical disease specialist. Some people get tests to see if they might have picked up something, even if they have no symptoms.

One question that springs to mind about clothing is, is there a difference between that which you wear at . . . → Read More: Clothing]]>

One question that springs to mind about clothing is, is there a difference between that which you wear at home and that which you wear when travelling?

Certainly, if you live in the UK or the USA and you are travelling to Europe for a week, then you can just wear what you normally wear. In fact, you might look out of place if you don’t walk around in jeans, tshirt, a hoodie and running shoes.

Travelling further afield does involve some additional considerations, however, mainly to do with the varied climates you will encounter. But there are also cultural differences of which to be aware.

The best advice, wherever you go or whatever you choose to wear, is to try to look relatively neat and tidy. Also, especially if you are female, try not to wear clothes that are too revealing (showing skin other than your face and hands). Even if you think you should be able to dress however you want, not only is it objectionable and sometimes rude in some countries to do so, it is often unsafe and can put you in real danger.

Dress neatly and consider the environment and culture you are in and you will find that people will think better of you, will talk to you more often, and even offer you their hospitality. You will get fewer hassles, both from the locals and from officials such as customs and border police.

Also bear in mind that many religious buildings require skirts for women, trousers for men, (and sometimes long sleeves for both), and that you remove your shoes.

Tempting though it may be, in some places it helps not to try to dress like the locals, as they connect religious and/or cultural significance to what they wear.



The main criteria when choosing clothing for travel include whether or not it provides sufficient protection from the elements, and its lightness and compactness due to your space and carrying considerations.

In hot climates your clothes mainly function as sun and insect protection. Long sleeves and collars on loose-fitting shirts, baggy trousers, and a hat with a wide brim (at least 3 inches, 7.5cm) will work better than skimpy tops and shorts for keeping you cool and protected.

Jeans are not a good idea as they are hot to wear, hard to wash, slow to dry, and heavy to carry.

In the cold it is best to layer clothing and look for fabrics that are wicking, insulating, and wind blocking. The new, thin, purpose-made synthetic fabrics are best, worn in layers. They are light, wash well, dry with body heat and are most efficient in terms of weight, bulk and functionality.

A windproof coat or rain shell, long underwear, insulating layers of clothing, gloves, heavy socks, and hats are essential in the cold.

If possible, try to get clothing that has a dual purpose, but without compromising. Find things that can be used both in the daytime and the evening. Keep it simple including the colours. Black, navy, and white are good choices.

A rough guide is to take three outfits, including the one you are wearing. This way you wear one, can wash one, and have a spare set. If everything mixes or matches you should be fine for a long time. If you need a change, or if things wear out, you can always buy replacements (cheaply, usually) wherever you are. Also, clothing you buy overseas will be appropriate for the climate or conditions in which you find yourself.

The next few pages list things to consider when choosing travel clothes, working from the inside out, top to bottom.

You can buy toiletries almost anywhere in the world, often for less than it costs it home.

You may . . . → Read More: Toiletries]]>

You can buy toiletries almost anywhere in the world, often for less than it costs it home.

You may have your favourites, however, and not every brand is available overseas (sometimes there are worse, sometimes better alternatives). You can’t always be sure of the quality, either.

For these reasons you might consider bringing your own.

Space and weight can be saved by taking small, travel- or trial-sized bottles, or better still, buy some small, refillable plastic bottles and containers and fill them with your own products.

Liquids can weigh a lot, and a lot of bottles of liquids can weigh a considerable amount.

You also have the problem of leaking, although this can be made better by putting the bottles in a leak-proof plastic bag. There are non-liquid alternatives for most toiletries, some of which are listed below.

Starting at the top of the head and working down:

Hair

Shampoo generally comes in liquid form but you can get it in a bar (like soap) which is lighter, more compact, and more leak-proof than regular shampoo.

Don’t take a huge bottle, you will probably have to carry it around with you for ages before you make a dent in its contents.

Soap

Soap comes as a liquid and a bar. You can also get universal soaps that wash hair, clothes, and crockery. You can buy soap anywhere, too, all you need worry about is something to carry it in.

Teeth

Some people cut the handle off their toothbrush to make it lighter for travel, but this saves so little weight and it is annoying to use, so it’s really not worth it.



However, you should get toothbrush covers, which are very useful if your brush is squashed into your bag every day.

Floss is essential, not just for your teeth, but for other uses such as thread, tying up things, cutting food (like a cheese-wire), emergency shoelaces, a clothesline, and so on.

Shaving

You can either use nothing (just hot water), or just soap to shave with, but both of these are hard on your skin.

You don’t need to take a large can of shaving foam as there are smaller, lighter alternatives, such as shaving oil.

Cheap plastic razors can be bought anywhere, but a good travel razor is the AVID razor, which is cheap, light, and works well.

Deodorant

Comes in non-liquid form as deodorant sticks, which also come in small, travel sizes. Available everywhere.

Nails

Standard nail clippers are fine, stainless steel are better. You can use toenail clippers (straight, or slightly convex) as regular nail clippers (usually concave) if you don’t want to take both. Be aware that if you take nail scissors they might not be allowed in your hand baggage on some flights.

Mirror

Don’t take glass mirrors, there are so many good (lighter and unbreakable) alternatives made of plastic (acrylic) you can buy these days, such as the Coghlans Plexiglass Mirror

Towel

Towels from home are heavy and bulky. You don’t need something that large anyway, a thin hand towel is fine, even one cut in half can be used in most situations.

You can get some made of synthetics (viscose, for example) which are very absorbent for their size and weight.

These include the usual ones you would get at home, colds, sore throats, and other infections. Take proper medications, . . . → Read More: Other Travellers’ Ailments]]>

These include the usual ones you would get at home, colds, sore throats, and other infections. Take proper medications, or try to get access to good medical care whilst abroad.

Jet lag

Cause – crossing many time zones in a short space of time.

Symptoms – disorientation, tiredness, and irritability for several days after a long journey.

Treatment – take time to become oriented to the local time and climate when you arrive. Outdoor activity and exercise can help. Some take Melatonin or a short-acting sleeping pill. Afternoon naps can help also.

Prevention – rest well before leaving home. Sleep on the aeroplane on long journeys. Drink plenty of water.

Motion sickness

Prevention – if you are susceptible to motion sickness, Dramamine pills work better if taken before symptoms develop. Scopolamine ear patches may also help. While at sea or riding a bus get as much fresh air as possible, and focus vision towards the horizon. Think pleasant thoughts. Avoid greasy or spicy foods.

Altitude sickness

Found – occurs at altitudes above 8000 feet (2500 meters). About twenty-five percent of travellers to high altitudes will be affected, but younger people are more susceptible.

Cause – ascending to altitude before the body has time to adjust to the lower air pressure and lower oxygen content of the air.

Symptoms – mild and flu-like, such as headache, shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea, and fatigue. Insomnia often results due to shortness of breath. Usually these symptoms last only a short time as the body adjusts. Many travellers have trouble sleeping their first night or two in high-altitude cities.

Severe cases result in fluid buildup in the lungs. This leads to intense breathlessness, coughing and wheezing. Fluid may also build-up in the brain, leading to severe headache, seizures, vomiting, hallucinations, and even coma.

Treatment for mild cases – is usually just rest. Plan for an easy day or two upon landing in a high-altitude city. Aspirin may help. Avoid alcohol and drink plenty of fluids.

Treatment for severe cases – requires immediate action. Don’t wait until morning or the victim may die or suffer brain damage. They should be brought down at least two or three thousand feet and have oxygen administered. They should also be brought to a hospital as soon as possible where diuretic drugs may be given.

Prevention – best by slowly gaining altitude. If you walk to gain altitude you can go back down a few thousand feet if you begin feeling symptoms. One rule of thumb is to always sleep below the highest altitude achieved that day.

Taking large amounts of your own currency for changing when you arrive is probably one of the worst options . . . → Read More: Taking Cash]]>

Taking large amounts of your own currency for changing when you arrive is probably one of the worst options for carrying money.

Your exchange rate will be retail, which is always going to be more expensive that wholesale.

Also, in most places, the person doing the exchanging will always want their little “cut” from the transaction.

Banks and hotels are the best places to change money but you can still get ripped off by the unscrupulous. Keep an eye on the daily rates to avoid this.

Remember, there may also be a fee for currency conversion so always ask about this before handing over your money.

Also, cash is the least secure way of carrying money, once it is lost or stolen that is usually it.



If you do bring cash from home, make sure any bills you bring are clean and brand new (you will have less trouble changing them).

Similarly, don’t accept torn or worn money in developing countries because you will have trouble getting rid of it.

And never exchange money with anyone you don’t know (people off the street, for example), even if they appear to be giving you a great rate.

The black market for foreign currencies in some countries is driven by restrictions on foreign currency ownership and artificially high exchange rates.

As well as being illegal in most countries, changing money on the street puts you at risk of getting counterfeit notes, being short-changed, or even robbed (handing over cash to people you meet on the street is never a good idea).

All that said, some people advise changing and bringing a little local currency with you, if only to avoid the possible hassle of doing it when you arrive at the airport and you need some loose change for buses or snacks.

However, foreign currency can be expensive to buy at home, and for the small amounts involved it usually isn’t much of of a problem to buy it when you arrive.

If you do get it at home, though, try to find a commission-free provider. In the UK this would be someone like Marks & Spencer, Lloyds TSB, the Post Office or Thomas Cook. But check exchange rates before choosing as they can vary somewhat between each of them.

Ultimately, when choosing between the methods above of getting to your money, remember that there are usually only a few percentage points difference between each of them. But it is worth knowing about them, nevertheless, so you can make an informed choice at the appropriate time.